Demand management can be defined as “utility activities designed to influence customer use of electricity in ways that will produce desired changes in the utility’s load shape – i.e. changes in the time pattern and magnitude of the utility’s load.” This can include load management, strategic energy-efficiency, and on-site generation distributed generation (DG). Load management is traditionally associated with peak-clipping, load curtailment (dimming of lights or changing temperature set points), load shifting (shifting use of water pumps to off-peak periods during emergencies), duty cycling (cycling of air conditioners during peak periods), demand limiting (throttling back on consumption to maintain a pre-determined maximum). Strategic energy efficiency refers to energy efficiency measures that reduce peak demand, such as office lighting retrofits. On-site generation includes cogeneration, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and standby/emergency generators.